Peak discharges are usually calculated based on survey data of annual maximums. The main task when exploring the flooding risk is determination of critical water level during the river overflow, determination of flooding areas at different levels and of different water discharges accordingly, and evaluation of damage in different situations. There are three different problems occurring during the floods: reliability of hydraulic structures, overflowing and flooding the river floodplain (flooding risk) and washout of banks. A set of methods of theory of random processes and mathematical statistics allows obtaining a rational solution to this problem. Flooding risk means the probability of flood occurrence and outcomes of flood impact on natural and economic objects and population. Evaluation of flooding risk, their prediction and hydrological prevention are principal means to mitigate the outcomes of floods. Climatic change caused by human activity will lead to intensification of hydrological cycle and will become a reason for extreme phenomena of even greater severity.
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